Silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) are the photo detectors of choice for many applications thanks to their excellent performance in counting photons. To use SiPMs as photon counters, the gain must be known beforehand and the stability of the gain must be constantly monitored.
The gain is commonly determined by resolving the single photoelectron peak in the detected charge distribution. Although...
Hyper-Kamiokande is a large water Cherenkov detector planned in the near future. A fiducial volume of Hyper-Kamiokande is about twenty times larger than Super-Kamiokande.
It is equipped with forty thousands of a 50 cm photomultiplier tube (PMT), R12860 by Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.
The PMT has a high quantum efficiency, faster time response, better charge resolution and a higher detection...
SiPM operation at very low temperatures has the potential to improve detector systems for experiments at cryogenic temperatures. We characterised electrical and optical properties of a commercially available cryogenic SiPM over a temperature range from 6.5 K to 286 K, such as breakdown voltage, quenching resistance, gain, waveform shape, photon detection efficiency and dark count rate. We...
In order to reduce the uncertainties in the T2K long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment by improving the understanding of the neutrino-nucleus interaction at around 1 GeV, we have constructed the WAGASCI neutrino detector at J-PARC. The WAGASCI neutrino detector consists of an array of thin plastic scintillator strips, configured into a three-dimensional grid structure with gaps filled...
We developed a fast X-ray detector system for a nuclear resonant scattering (NRS) experiment of thorium-229. The system employs silicon avalanche photo-diode (Si-APD) as a fast X-ray sensor. The system is able to acquire both timing and energy of a single X-ray photon simultaneously in a high rate condition, 106 counts per second for one Si-APD. The performance of the system was investigated...
Modern high luminosity e+ e- factories, like Belle II at SuperKEKB or planned
Super Charm-Tau factory require fast calorimeters to cope with severe background
conditions. The prototype of the fast electromagnetic calorimeter based on pure
CsI scintillation crystals, wavelength shifters with the novel nanostructured
organosilicon luminophores, and avalanche photodiodes Hamamatsu S8664-55 is...
The purpose of the J-PARC KOTO experiment is to search for new physics beyond the standard model(SM) with the rare kaon decay $K_L\to\pi^0\nu\bar{\nu}$.
The branching ratio of this decay was predicted to be $\rm{BR} = 3.0 \times 10^{-11}$ in the SM.
The KOTO detector consists of an electromagnetic calorimeter made of undoped Cesium Iodide(CsI) crystals, and hermetic veto counters.
To...
Hyper-Kamiokande (HK), scheduled to start construction in 2020, will be
the next generation water Cerenkov experiment in Japan. 50 cm Diameter Box
& Line Photomultiplier Tubes (R12860 made by Hamamatsu) were evaluated.
The dynamic range of the output was improved by optimizing the voltage
dividing ratio between dynodes. The linearity and rate tolerance of the
gain were also evaluated.
As photon detection is a major issue in any high-energy astronomy instrumentation, many space missions combined photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) with scintillators, for converting incoming high-energy photons into visible light, which in turn is converted in an electrical pulse. The silicon photomultipliers (SiPM), instead of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) which are bulky, fragile, and requiring a...
The Large Hadron Collider beauty experiment (LHCb) at CERN is aimed to study flavor-physics. The Ring Imaging Cherenkov detector system (RICH), which provides particle identification, have been operating successfully since 2010. During the second Long Shutdown of the LHC of 2019-2020, the RICH detectors will be upgraded to maintain the excellent PID performance at an order of magnitude higher...
Abstract
Detectors based on micro channel plates (MCP) are used to detect the radiation of free electron lasers. Three MCP detectors were developed by JINR for the European
XFEL (SASE1, SASE2, and SASE3 beamlines). These detectors were designed to operate in a wide dynamic range from the level of spontaneous emission to the SASE saturation level (between a few nJ and up to 25 mJ), and in a...
A MPPC (Multi-Pixel Photon Counter) has some advantages in a low-voltage operation and easily making a multi-element type detector, when comparing with a photomultiplier tube. We tried to detect soft X-rays of less than 6 keV with a scintillation detector using an MPPC. The detector consists of a plastic scintillator (Pilot U, 2.5×2.5 mm^2, 1 mm thick) and an MPPC (Hamamatsu Photonics,...
The Aerogel Ring Imaging Cherenkov (ARICH) counter is a particle identification device located in the endcap region of the Belle II detector. The main components of the ARICH counter are 248 silica aerogel tiles built into the Cherenkov radiator and 420 Hybrid Avalanche Photo Detectors (HAPDs) making up the photon detector. Angular distribution of Cherenkov photons emitted from silica aerogel...
MPPC (Multi-Pixel Photon Counter) is a SiPM device made by Hamamatsu Photonics. In high energy physics experiments, MPPC with lower crosstalk has been desired to get a good photon counting resolution. Thus, suppression of the crosstalk had been a long-term challenge.
Recently, Hamamatsu has developed a new type of MPPC which has lower crosstalk probability and therefore better photon counting...
Super-FGD is a part of the near detector (ND280) upgrade of the T2K experiment.
Super-FGD consists of about two million scintillator cubes read out along three orthogonal directions by wavelength shifting fibers, to realize fine granularity.
The light from the fibers is read out by sixty thousand Multi-Pixel Photon Counters (MPPCs).
Optical interface design for super-FGD between MPPCs and...
To study surface science of material and spintronics application, experiments using soft X-ray (0.1-4keV) is now paid attention to in the next generation synchrotron radiation facility. In order to perform such experiment, a new high-resolution, high-sensitive soft X-ray imager is required. For that purpose, we are developing an imager, Silicon on Insulator-Reach Through-Avalanche Photo Diodes...
An large prototype of the analogue hadron calorimeter for the International Linear Collider (ILC) was constructed and performance studies in beam are underway. The detection layers of the hadron calorimeter are highly segmented into 30~mm square scintillator tiles, each readout individually with a SiPM. A large number of detection tiles of the prototype ($\sim$22,000 tiles in total) had to be...
A 6 × 6 silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) array aimed at one-to-one coupling to a finely separated scintillator array was fabricated and characterized. All SiPMs were formed in the bulk substrate layer of a silicon on insulator (SOI) wafer for enabling future SiPMs which consists of 3-D integrated electronics without mechanical bump bonding. Each channel had a size of 250 × 250 μm2 and...
Monitoring of neutron radiation field is an important task for the CMS
experiment at CERN.
neutron background affects electronics situated in the experimental
cavern inducing single event effect (SEU, SEL etc).
In addition, neutron flux is a main source of the background for the
muon chambers, so it affects both performance and longevity of the
detectors,
especially for high...
Compton camera used in the Hitomi SGD is a useful detector for soft gamma-ray in space observation. Si-pixel sensor with 3.4 mm pixels is used as scatterer in the SGD Compton camera. But this pixel size does not allow us to measure a direction of Compton-recoil electrons in the Si sensor, and thus the sensitivity is limited. To improve, it is important to measure the direction of recoil...
The Analogue Hadron CALorimeter (AHCAL) at the International Linear Collider (ILC) is a high granularity hadron calorimeter based on scintillator tiles readout by MPPCs. Toward the construction of ILC, it is necessary to make a more realistic design of ILD detector. The optimization of AHCAL granularity is, therefore, now revisited, and we study the mixed granularity with larger scintillator...
As the next generation of water Cherenkov detector, Hyper-Kamiokande (Hyper-K) has the potential to advance the study of a variety of physics ranging from proton decay to neutrino oscillations. With the first Hyper-K tank's construction scheduled in 2020, it is vital to validate the feasibility of mass production for the 20'' Box and Line (B&L) photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) designed for...
Hyper-Kamiokande is a water Chenrekov detector, that is composed of a cylindrical tank with a diameter of 74 m and a depth of 60 m filled with ultra pure water.
Forty thousands of optical sensors look inside to catch Cherenkov light generated underwater.
We can reconstruct momentum, direction and particle type from Cherenkov ring imaged from cone shaped Cherenkov light.
Detection efficiency is...
